Adult stem cellAdult stem cells are undifferentiated cells, found throughout the body after development, that multiply by cell division to replenish dying cells and regenerate damaged tissues. Also known as somatic stem cells (from Greek σωματικóς, meaning of the body), they can be found in juvenile, adult animals, and humans, unlike embryonic stem cells. Scientific interest in adult stem cells is centered around two main characteristics.
P53Le p53 (ou TP53 pour « tumor protein 53 »), parfois surnommée « gardienne du génome », est un facteur de transcription découvert en 1979 qui se lie à l'ADN pour réguler de multiples fonctions cellulaires importantes comme la régulation du cycle cellulaire, l'autophagie ou l'apoptose (mort cellulaire programmée). Chez l'être humain, ce gène est situé sur le chromosome 17. Le gène TP53 est inactivé dans près de 50% des cancers humains. Ce gène protège des cancers, mais en diminuant l'espérance de vie de l'organisme.
Cornéevignette|Structure de la cornée La cornée est la partie antérieure transparente du globe oculaire, en forme de calotte asphérique et légèrement saillante. Elle transmet la lumière au cristallin et à la rétine. C’est le premier élément réfractif de l’œil, comptant pour les du dioptre oculaire, le cristallin constituant le restant. Elle couvre environ un cinquième de la surface de l’œil. Elle mesure en moyenne, chez l’adulte, de diamètre horizontal et de diamètre vertical.
Corneal ulcers in animalsA corneal ulcer, or ulcerative keratitis, is an inflammatory condition of the cornea involving loss of its outer layer. It is very common in dogs and is sometimes seen in cats. In veterinary medicine, the term corneal ulcer is a generic name for any condition involving the loss of the outer layer of the cornea, and as such is used to describe conditions with both inflammatory and traumatic causes. The cornea is a transparent structure that is part of the outer layer of the eye. It refracts light and protects the contents of the eye.
Immediate early geneImmediate early genes (IEGs) are genes which are activated transiently and rapidly in response to a wide variety of cellular stimuli. They represent a standing response mechanism that is activated at the transcription level in the first round of response to stimuli, before any new proteins are synthesized. IEGs are distinct from "late response" genes, which can only be activated later, following the synthesis of early response gene products. Thus IEGs have been called the "gateway to the genomic response".
Leukemia inhibitory factorLeukemia inhibitory factor, or LIF, is an interleukin 6 class cytokine that affects cell growth by inhibiting differentiation. When LIF levels drop, the cells differentiate. LIF derives its name from its ability to induce the terminal differentiation of myeloid leukemic cells, thus preventing their continued growth. Other properties attributed to the cytokine include: the growth promotion and cell differentiation of different types of target cells, influence on bone metabolism, cachexia, neural development, embryogenesis and inflammation.
