Extracellular polymeric substanceExtracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) are natural polymers of high molecular weight secreted by microorganisms into their environment. EPSs establish the functional and structural integrity of biofilms, and are considered the fundamental component that determines the physicochemical properties of a biofilm. EPS in the matrix of biofilms provides compositional support and protection of microbial communities from the harsh environments. Components of EPS can be of different classes of polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acids, proteins, lipopolysaccharides, and minerals.
Carboxysomeupright=1.5|vignette|[A] Microscopie électronique de cellules de Halothiobacillus neapolitanus dont les carboxysomes sont indiqués par des flèches.[B] Vue de carboxysomes intacts isolés d’H. neapolitanus ; la barre d'échelle indique une longueur de . vignette|Représentation d'un carboxysome montrant les hexamères en bleu (les différentes teintes de bleu indiquent des hexamères de nature et de fonction différentes), les pentamères en magenta et les enzymes encapsulées en vert.
CryofixationCryofixation is a technique for fixation or stabilisation of biological materials as the first step in specimen preparation for electron microscopy and cryo-electron microscopy. Typical specimens for cryofixation include small samples of plant or animal tissue, cell suspensions of microorganisms or cultured cells, suspensions of viruses or virus capsids and samples of purified macromolecules, especially proteins. Cryo fixation Types 1.Freezing-drying 2.Freezing-substitution 3.
Vésicule (biologie)En biologie cellulaire, une vésicule cytoplasmique est un organite relativement petit, séparé du cytosol par au moins une bicouche lipidique (similaire à la membrane cytoplasmique). Elle fait partie du cytoplasme, et circule dans le cytosol où elle peut stocker, transporter ou encore digérer des produits et des déchets cellulaires. Les vésicules cytoplasmiques constituent un outil basique permettant à la cellule de gérer son métabolisme.
Radial glial cellRadial glial cells, or radial glial progenitor cells (RGPs), are bipolar-shaped progenitor cells that are responsible for producing all of the neurons in the cerebral cortex. RGPs also produce certain lineages of glia, including astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Their cell bodies (somata) reside in the embryonic ventricular zone, which lies next to the developing ventricular system. During development, newborn neurons use radial glia as scaffolds, traveling along the radial glial fibers in order to reach their final destinations.
Extracellular fluidIn cell biology, extracellular fluid (ECF) denotes all body fluid outside the cells of any multicellular organism. Total body water in healthy adults is about 60% (range 45 to 75%) of total body weight; women and the obese typically have a lower percentage than lean men. Extracellular fluid makes up about one-third of body fluid, the remaining two-thirds is intracellular fluid within cells. The main component of the extracellular fluid is the interstitial fluid that surrounds cells.
Fixation (histology)In the fields of histology, pathology, and cell biology, fixation is the preservation of biological tissues from decay due to autolysis or putrefaction. It terminates any ongoing biochemical reactions and may also increase the treated tissues' mechanical strength or stability. Tissue fixation is a critical step in the preparation of histological sections, its broad objective being to preserve cells and tissue components and to do this in such a way as to allow for the preparation of thin, stained sections.
Extracellular spaceExtracellular space refers to the part of a multicellular organism outside the cells, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid. This is distinguished from intracellular space, which is inside the cells. The composition of the extracellular space includes metabolites, ions, proteins, and many other substances that might affect cellular function. For example, neurotransmitters "jump" from cell to cell to facilitate the transmission of an electric current in the nervous system.
OrganiteLes organites (de temps en temps nommés organelles par anglicisme) sont les différentes structures spécialisées contenues dans le cytoplasme et délimitées du reste de la cellule par une membrane phospholipidique. Il existe de nombreux types d'organites, en particulier dans les cellules eucaryotes. On a longtemps pensé qu'il n'y avait pas d'organites chez les cellules procaryotes, mais quelques exceptions ont été mises en évidence. thumb|upright=1.5|Schéma d'une cellule animale type.
Arborisation terminaleL'arborisation terminale est l'extrémité ramifiée de l'axone d'un neurone. Les « boutons » synaptiques sont à l'extrémité de cette arborisation terminale, là où se trouvent les synapses. L'arborisation terminale de l'axone est riche en vésicules synaptiques contenant les neurotransmetteurs. Les terminaisons axoniques (également appelées « boutons synaptiques », « boutons terminaux » ou « pieds terminaux ») sont les terminaisons distales des télodendrites (branches) d'un axone.
