Land degradationLand degradation is a process in which the value of the biophysical environment is affected by a combination of human-induced processes acting upon the land. It is viewed as any change or disturbance to the land perceived to be deleterious or undesirable. Natural hazards are excluded as a cause; however human activities can indirectly affect phenomena such as floods and bush fires. Expert projections suggest that land degradation will be an important theme of the 21st century, impacting agricultural productivity, biodiversity loss, environmental change, and its effects on food security.
Transport actifthumb|300px| L'Action de la pompe Na-K est un exemple de transport actif primaire En biologie, le transport actif désigne le passage d'un ion ou d'une molécule à travers une membrane contre son gradient de concentration. Si le processus utilise de l'énergie chimique produite, par exemple, par l'hydrolyse d'un nucléotide triphosphate comme l'adénosine triphosphate, on le nomme transport actif primaire. Le transport actif secondaire implique quant à lui l'utilisation d'un gradient électrochimique.
