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This lecture covers the concept of limits in mathematics, focusing on trigonometric functions. The instructor explains how to calculate limits using algebraic transformations and theorems such as the Squeeze Theorem. Examples include evaluating limits of functions composed of trigonometric expressions and demonstrating the non-existence of limits in certain cases. The lecture also delves into the characterization of limits using sequences and explores the behavior of functions as variables approach infinity or zero. Various techniques, including changing variables and applying trigonometric identities, are employed to simplify complex limit calculations.