Calorimetry: Principles and Applications in Thermodynamics

This lecture covers the principles of calorimetry within the context of thermodynamics. It begins with an overview of phenomenological laws, including Boyle's, Charles's, and Gay-Lussac's laws, which describe the behavior of gases under various conditions. The instructor explains the concept of heat transfer and introduces calorimetric coefficients, such as isochoric and isobaric heat capacities, and their dependence on temperature and volume. The third principle of thermodynamics is discussed, emphasizing its significance in defining entropy at absolute zero. The lecture also explores Mayer's and Reech's relations, which connect different heat capacities. Practical applications are demonstrated through experiments, including measuring the heat capacity of water and the law of Dulong and Petit for solids. The session concludes with a discussion on the behavior of heat capacities at low temperatures and the implications for solid materials, highlighting the importance of understanding these concepts in thermodynamic systems.