Heaps and Priority Queues

This lecture covers the concepts of heaps, heapsort, and priority queues. It explains the (Binary) heap data structure, how to store a heap in an array, building and manipulating heaps, correctness of heap operations, heapsort algorithm, and priority queue implementation. The instructor discusses operations like extracting the maximum element, increasing key value, and inserting into the heap, along with their analysis. The lecture concludes with a summary stating that heapsort runs in O(nlog n) time and is in-place, but a well-implemented quicksort usually outperforms it in practice.