Demography and Sustainable Development: Global Perspectives

This lecture provides an overview of demography and its critical role in sustainable development. It begins with a historical perspective on global population growth, highlighting the demographic transition as a key factor influencing social and economic development. The instructor discusses international variations in demographic conditions, including population pressure, demographic dividends, and aging populations. The lecture emphasizes the relationship between urbanization and development, as well as the impact of population growth on the environment. Key concepts in demography are defined, including the quantitative study of populations, their structures, and changes due to fertility, mortality, and migration. The Malthusian perspective on population growth and resource limitations is contrasted with Boserup's view on technological innovation driven by population density. The lecture concludes with insights into future population trends, particularly in developing regions, and the implications for sustainable development strategies.