Defects in Materials: Structure and Behavior

This lecture covers the different types of defects in materials, including point defects like vacancies and interstitial atoms, dislocations, grain boundaries, and misfit dislocations. It also discusses the importance of grain boundary networks in material behavior, the kinetics of grain coarsening, and the glass transition phenomenon. The instructor explains the creation of vacancies through various methods such as quenching and irradiation, as well as the measurement and concentration of vacancies at thermodynamic equilibrium. Additionally, the lecture delves into topics like amorphous materials, quasicrystals, fractals, and void formation due to electron irradiation in nanotwinned copper.

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PHYS-307: Physics of materials

This course illustrates some selected chapters of materials physics needed to understand the mechanical and structural properties of solids. This course deals primarily with the physics of dislocation

In materials science, a dislocation or Taylor's dislocation is a linear crystallographic defect or irregularity within a crystal structure that contains an abrupt change in the arrangement of atoms. The movement of dislocations allow atoms to slide over each other at low stress levels and is known as glide or slip. The crystalline order is restored on either side of a glide dislocation but the atoms on one side have moved by one position. The crystalline order is not fully restored with a partial dislocation.

In materials science, grain growth is the increase in size of grains (crystallites) in a material at high temperature. This occurs when recovery and recrystallisation are complete and further reduction in the internal energy can only be achieved by reducing the total area of grain boundary. The term is commonly used in metallurgy but is also used in reference to ceramics and minerals. The behaviors of grain growth is analogous to the coarsening behaviors of grains, which implied that both of grain growth and coarsening may be dominated by the same physical mechanism.

In materials science, grain-boundary strengthening (or Hall–Petch strengthening) is a method of strengthening materials by changing their average crystallite (grain) size. It is based on the observation that grain boundaries are insurmountable borders for dislocations and that the number of dislocations within a grain has an effect on how stress builds up in the adjacent grain, which will eventually activate dislocation sources and thus enabling deformation in the neighbouring grain as well.

Material is a substance or mixture of substances that constitutes an object. Materials can be pure or impure, living or non-living matter. Materials can be classified on the basis of their physical and chemical properties, or on their geological origin or biological function. Materials science is the study of materials, their properties and their applications. Raw materials can be processed in different ways to influence their properties, by purification, shaping or the introduction of other materials.

Materials science is an interdisciplinary field of researching and discovering materials. Materials engineering is an engineering field of finding uses for materials in other fields and industries. The intellectual origins of materials science stem from the Age of Enlightenment, when researchers began to use analytical thinking from chemistry, physics, and engineering to understand ancient, phenomenological observations in metallurgy and mineralogy. Materials science still incorporates elements of physics, chemistry, and engineering.

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Explores the structure and stability of defects in crystals, emphasizing their impact on material properties.

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Explores energy accumulation in materials during plastic deformation and the effects of dislocation density and heating.

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Explores random materials, solutes, and their impact on mechanical performance, including strength, toughness, and fatigue.