This lecture explores the use of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) to reduce the reliance on clinker in cement production, focusing on materials like limestone, blast furnace slag, and coal fly ash. The evolution of clinker substitution and the availability of SCMs are discussed, highlighting the importance of blending SCMs for sustainable cements. The lecture also touches on the challenges and limitations of alkali activated materials (AAMs) like geopolymers in lowering global CO₂ emissions.