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This lecture delves into the intricate world of chromatin structure and organization, exploring the dynamic conformation of DNA and its compaction within the human nucleus. It covers technologies like Chromosome Conformation Capture and Hi-C, which detect chromatin interactions and loops. The lecture also discusses topologically associated domains (TADs) and their role in regulating gene expression. By examining different layers of chromatin organization and the functionality of TADs, the instructor sheds light on how chromatin compaction is achieved and its non-random nature. The session concludes by linking the regulatory state with genomic components to build a comprehensive regulatory network.