Implantable Bio-Fuel Cells

This lecture introduces the concept of implantable bio-fuel cells, a technology studied for over 50 years. It focuses on the working principle, design, milestones, applications, and limitations of these cells, aiming to replace traditional batteries in biomedical devices. The lecture covers the electrochemical reactions, use of catalytic enzymes, and highly conductive materials for electrodes. Milestones include the first in-vivo integration and the first powering of electronics via bio-fuel cells. The lecture also discusses the challenges, such as limited output voltage, and the outlook for burst pulse output and new implantable devices.