Diffraction: Wave Phenomena and Interference

This lecture covers diffraction phenomena when waves encounter obstacles, cracks, or holes, including sound waves and electromagnetic waves. It explains Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffraction, interference from a large number of sources, and the resolution limitations in imaging processes due to diffraction. The instructor demonstrates diffraction patterns by diffracting objects, such as spheres, slits, and circular apertures, and discusses the Rayleigh criterion for quantifying image resolution limitations.