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This lecture covers the architecture of text retrieval systems, focusing on indexing techniques like inverted files to speed up term search tasks. It discusses the physical organization of inverted files, index construction using trie data structures, and the implementation of map-reduce algorithms for distributed retrieval. The instructor explains the process of index merging, index compression, and the use of Fagin's algorithm for top-k document retrieval. The lecture also explores the threshold algorithm for distributed retrieval and the applications of map-reduce frameworks in various data processing tasks.