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This lecture delves into the historical relationship between science and religion, examining cases of conflict and refusal based on religious beliefs. It explores the evolution of thought from Galileo's separation of domains to Darwin's agnosticism, Gould's NOMA principle, and Dawkins' militant atheism. The discussion extends to Dembski's Intelligent Design theory, highlighting the complexities of the science-religion dialogue and the challenges of maintaining distinct spheres. Through various historical and contemporary examples, the lecture critically analyzes the boundaries and interactions between science and religion, emphasizing the importance of understanding and respecting different epistemological approaches.