DNA Replication: Mechanisms and Enzymes

This lecture covers the process of DNA replication, focusing on the mechanisms and enzymes involved. The instructor discusses the importance of primase, DNA polymerase, and ligase in replicating DNA strands, as well as the significance of leading and lagging strands. The lecture also delves into the concept of replication forks, the role of helicase in unwinding DNA, and the function of the replisome. Additionally, the discussion touches on the challenges faced during DNA replication, such as the need for accurate base pairing and the correction of errors by DNA polymerase. The instructor emphasizes the precision required in DNA replication to ensure the fidelity of genetic information.

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Related concepts (18)

DNA replication

In molecular biology, DNA replication is the biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule. DNA replication occurs in all living organisms acting as the most essential part of biological inheritance. This is essential for cell division during growth and repair of damaged tissues, while it also ensures that each of the new cells receives its own copy of the DNA. The cell possesses the distinctive property of division, which makes replication of DNA essential.

DNA polymerase

A DNA polymerase is a member of a family of enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of DNA molecules from nucleoside triphosphates, the molecular precursors of DNA. These enzymes are essential for DNA replication and usually work in groups to create two identical DNA duplexes from a single original DNA duplex. During this process, DNA polymerase "reads" the existing DNA strands to create two new strands that match the existing ones. These enzymes catalyze the chemical reaction deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNAn pyrophosphate + DNAn+1.

Genetic testing

Genetic testing, also known as DNA testing, is used to identify changes in DNA sequence or chromosome structure. Genetic testing can also include measuring the results of genetic changes, such as RNA analysis as an output of gene expression, or through biochemical analysis to measure specific protein output. In a medical setting, genetic testing can be used to diagnose or rule out suspected genetic disorders, predict risks for specific conditions, or gain information that can be used to customize medical treatments based on an individual's genetic makeup.

Genetic counseling

Genetic counseling is the process of investigating individuals and families affected by or at risk of genetic disorders to help them understand and adapt to the medical, psychological and familial implications of genetic contributions to disease. This field is considered necessary for the implementation of genomic medicine.

Origin of replication

The origin of replication (also called the replication origin) is a particular sequence in a genome at which replication is initiated. Propagation of the genetic material between generations requires timely and accurate duplication of DNA by semiconservative replication prior to cell division to ensure each daughter cell receives the full complement of chromosomes. This can either involve the replication of DNA in living organisms such as prokaryotes and eukaryotes, or that of DNA or RNA in viruses, such as double-stranded RNA viruses.

BIO-109: Introduction to life sciences (for IC)

Ce cours présente les principes fondamentaux à l'œuvre dans les organismes vivants. Autant que possible, l'accent est mis sur les contributions de l'Informatique aux progrès des Sciences de la Vie.

Information Processing: Replication, Transcription, Translation ENV-103: Biology

Explores DNA replication, RNA transcription, and protein translation, emphasizing their crucial roles in cellular functions.

DNA and RNA Structure CH-210: Biochemistry

Explores the structure of DNA and RNA, the genetic code, replication, and their differences.

DNA Replication: Mechanisms and Applications MSE-212: Biology for engineers

Explores DNA replication, the genetic code, PCR applications, and forensic testing.

DNA Structure and Replication MSE-212: Biology for engineers

Explores DNA structure, replication, base pairing, and chromosome organization in detail.

DNA Replication: Enzymes and Mechanisms BIO-105: Cellular biology and biochemistry for engineers

Explores DNA replication enzymes, including DNA polymerase and helicase, and introduces the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).