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This lecture covers the process of DNA replication, including the speed of replication in different organisms, the role of DNA polymerase in synthesizing new DNA strands, the proofreading mechanisms to correct errors, and the semiconservative nature of DNA replication. It also explains the initiation of DNA synthesis at replication origins, the directionality of replication, the formation of Okazaki fragments, and the importance of mismatch repair in maintaining DNA fidelity.