Photonics Fundamentals

This lecture covers the fundamentals of biophotonics, focusing on the photon/wave-particle duality, photon generation, Bohr's formula for hydrogen wavelengths, photon polarization, light polarization, photon momentum, photon interference, photon streams, and photon shot noise. The instructor explains the quantized nature of electron orbits, the generation of light, and the behavior of photons in different polarization states. The lecture also delves into the concepts of photon momentum, photon interference, and the randomness of photon flow, emphasizing the importance of understanding photon-number statistics and signal-to-noise ratio in optical applications.