Photon: Quantum Properties and Experiments

This lecture delves into the fundamental properties of photons within quantum science. It begins with the concept of light as a wave, referencing the interference patterns observed in Young's double-slit experiment. The instructor explains the significance of Maxwell's equations in describing electromagnetic waves and how they relate to the behavior of light. The discussion progresses to the photoelectric effect, illustrating how light can be understood as a stream of particles, or photons, which can eject electrons from a metal surface. The lecture also covers the relationship between wavelength and energy, emphasizing the implications of Planck's relation. Further experiments are presented, including the use of polarizers to demonstrate the quantum nature of light and the concept of single photon detection. The instructor raises philosophical questions regarding the nature of particles and waves, particularly in the context of quantum mechanics, and concludes with applications of these principles in technology, such as quantum random number generators and photomultiplier tubes.