This lecture covers the factorization of polynomials with complex coefficients. Starting with a theorem stating the existence of complex numbers that allow the factorization of a polynomial, the lecture progresses to demonstrate the factorization process through examples. By applying the fundamental theorem of algebra, the lecture showcases how to determine polynomials satisfying specific properties and factorize them completely. The lecture concludes by discussing the implications of complex roots in real polynomials and how they always come in conjugate pairs, simplifying the factorization process.