Binary Systems: Eutectic and Phase Diagrams

This lecture covers the concept of eutectic in binary systems, where two solid phases coexist with a liquid phase. It explains how adding salt to water can lower the freezing point, leading to the formation of eutectic alloys like al-si and water-ethanol. The rule of levers is used to determine the equilibrium fractions of phases. Examples of peritectic and eutectoid reactions are also discussed, along with the decomposition of phase diagrams into single-phase, two-phase, and invariant zones.