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This lecture covers the manufacturing, types, and applications of optical fibers. It explains the composition of optical fibers, the process of manufacturing them, and the different types based on core size and refractive index. The lecture also delves into the propagation of light in optical fibers, the modes present in step-index fibers, and the conditions for single-mode operation. Additionally, it discusses the characteristics of multimode gradient-index fibers and the periodic trajectory of light in such fibers.