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This lecture introduces the concept of continuous spatial phenomena and focuses on interpolation methods in geographic information systems. It covers global and local deterministic interpolation methods, such as polynomial regression, nearest neighbor, Thiessen polygons, TIN, B-spline function, and weighted moving average. The instructor explains the differences between global and local methods, the process of polynomial regression, and the challenges of interpolation validation. The lecture also addresses the risk of errors in deterministic methods due to the subjectivity of the analyst's experience. Practical examples and considerations for parameter settings in interpolation are discussed to provide a comprehensive understanding of spatial data analysis.