Entropy and Second Law

This lecture covers the definition of entropy, its calculation for ideal gases, and the T-S diagram. The instructor explains the Carnot cycle, its reversibility, and the relationship between heat exchange and work. The lecture introduces entropy as a new state variable, derived from the first law of thermodynamics. The instructor demonstrates the calculation of entropy for ideal gases, leading to the entropy equation for ideal gases. The concept of entropy is further explored through the T-S diagram, illustrating how to calculate heat exchange during reversible transformations. The lecture concludes with a practical exercise on using T-S diagrams for Carnot cycles, emphasizing the graphical representation of work and heat exchange.