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This lecture explores the concept of gentrification, defined as the replacement of a lower-income population by a wealthier one within a neighborhood. It discusses the collective process involving public authorities and private real estate investors versus individual decisions made by an emerging population. The lecture also delves into specific examples such as Dakar, Senegal, and New York, USA, showcasing the commercial dimension of gentrification. By comparing different strategies related to land and heritage, the lecture highlights similar processes with varying intensities and temporalities across different cities.