This lecture addresses contemporary environmental concerns, exploring the opposition between hope and responsibility in shaping a better world. It delves into the impact of human activities on the lithosphere, biosphere, and hydrosphere, discussing issues such as deforestation, urbanization, and water management. The instructor reflects on historical trends in population growth, emphasizing the need to balance optimism with awareness of environmental challenges. Through a series of images and examples, the lecture highlights the urgency of sustainable practices and the consequences of neglecting natural resources. It also touches on the implications of climate change, rising sea levels, and coastal erosion, urging a proactive approach to mitigate environmental degradation.