Biomechanics in Organ-on-Chip Systems

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Description

This lecture explores the biomechanics of organ-on-chip systems, discussing the advantages, relevance of mechanobiology, and fabrication methods. It delves into the high surface-to-volume ratio, laminar flow, diffusion, less reagent consumption, safety, temperature control, high throughput, portability, and disposability. The lecture also covers single cell analysis, the development of organ-on-chip systems, and various fabrication methods like photolithography, soft lithography, and hot embossing. It highlights the importance of shear stress, diffusion, compression, stretching, micropatterning, substrate stiffness, and other mechanical stimuli in microsystems. The lecture concludes with insights into cell response and analysis techniques like Western blotting, PCR, and immunocytochemistry.

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https://mediaspace.epfl.ch/media/0_voya4ak8

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In continuum mechanics, stress is a physical quantity that describes forces present during deformation. An object being pulled apart, such as a stretched elastic band, is subject to tensile stress and may undergo elongation. An object being pushed together, such as a crumpled sponge, is subject to compressive stress and may undergo shortening. The greater the force and the smaller the cross-sectional area of the body on which it acts, the greater the stress. Stress has units of force per area, such as newtons per square meter (N/m2) or pascal (Pa).

Shear stress (often denoted by τ (Greek: tau)) is the component of stress coplanar with a material cross section. It arises from the shear force, the component of force vector parallel to the material cross section. Normal stress, on the other hand, arises from the force vector component perpendicular to the material cross section on which it acts. The formula to calculate average shear stress is force per unit area.: where: τ = the shear stress; F = the force applied; A = the cross-sectional area of material with area parallel to the applied force vector.

In materials science, shear modulus or modulus of rigidity, denoted by G, or sometimes S or μ, is a measure of the elastic shear stiffness of a material and is defined as the ratio of shear stress to the shear strain: where = shear stress is the force which acts is the area on which the force acts = shear strain. In engineering , elsewhere is the transverse displacement is the initial length of the area. The derived SI unit of shear modulus is the pascal (Pa), although it is usually expressed in gigapascals (GPa) or in thousand pounds per square inch (ksi).

In engineering, shear strength is the strength of a material or component against the type of yield or structural failure when the material or component fails in shear. A shear load is a force that tends to produce a sliding failure on a material along a plane that is parallel to the direction of the force. When a paper is cut with scissors, the paper fails in shear. In structural and mechanical engineering, the shear strength of a component is important for designing the dimensions and materials to be used for the manufacture or construction of the component (e.