This lecture provides an overview of the current state-of-the-art kidney-on-chip technologies, aiming to facilitate pharmaceutical research and eliminate animal testing. It covers topics such as drug-induced nephrotoxicity, renal function evaluation, device description, screening methods, and significant advancements in the field. The lecture also discusses the physiological aspects of the kidney, device limitations, future perspectives, and the path towards clinical applications. Key takeaways include the importance of accurately replicating human kidneys, addressing crucial needs in drug development, innovative designs, concrete clinical impacts, and the emerging international market.