This lecture covers the concepts of dipole transitions, parity, and photons' angular momentum in X-ray spectroscopies. It explains the electric-dipole transition between quantum states, symmetry considerations, and selection rules for dipole transitions. Additionally, it delves into HOMOS and LUMOS, discussing the HOMO-LUMO gap, ionization threshold, and their significance in molecular stability. The lecture concludes with Fermi's Golden Rule, detailing transition rates in perturbed systems.