This lecture covers various optical methods in chemistry, including microscopy, manipulation, and spectroscopy. Topics include classical and near-field microscopy, stimulated emission depletion microscopy, optical tweezers for particle manipulation, and spectroscopic techniques like Raman spectroscopy. The lecture also discusses Fourier spectroscopy, Michelson interferometer basics, and the Nobel Prize-winning Raman spectroscopy. The presentation explores the principles, applications, and limitations of these optical techniques.