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This lecture explores the relationship between modular programming and class organization, focusing on the encapsulation and abstraction concepts. It covers the interface and implementation at the class level, namespace scope, and the notion of concrete types. The lecture emphasizes the importance of encapsulation in structuring reliable and independent modules, highlighting the link between modules and data structures. It also discusses the significance of unit testing, system testing, and error correction methods in project development. The lecture concludes with a detailed explanation of class declaration, method definition, and the use of namespaces in C++.