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This lecture delves into the three main ethical theories: consequentialism, deontology, and virtue ethics. The instructor discusses the challenges and strengths of each theory, emphasizing the importance of justifying ethical decisions based on consequences, duties, or virtues. The lecture explores real-life examples, such as the ethical dilemmas faced during World War II, to illustrate how these theories can be applied. The session also touches on the limitations of each theory, such as the difficulty of comparing consequences in consequentialism or the biases inherent in defining virtues in virtue ethics.