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An avalanche photodiode (APD) is a highly sensitive semiconductor photodiode detector that exploits the photoelectric effect to convert light into electricity. From a functional standpoint, they can be regarded as the semiconductor analog of photomultiplier tubes. The avalanche photodiode (APD) was invented by Japanese engineer Jun-ichi Nishizawa in 1952. However, study of avalanche breakdown, microplasma defects in silicon and germanium and the investigation of optical detection using p-n junctions predate this patent.
A voltage regulator is a system designed to automatically maintain a constant voltage. A voltage regulator may use a simple feed-forward design or may include negative feedback. It may use an electromechanical mechanism, or electronic components. Depending on the design, it may be used to regulate one or more AC or DC voltages. Electronic voltage regulators are found in devices such as computer power supplies where they stabilize the DC voltages used by the processor and other elements.
We present a single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) developed in 55 nm bipolar-CMOS-DMOS (BCD) technology, which achieves high photon detection probability (PDP) while its breakdown voltage is lower than 20 V. To enhance the PDP performance, the SPAD junctio ...
This paper presents a single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) in 55 nm bipolar-CMOSDMOS (BCD) technology. In order to realize a SPAD having sub-20 V breakdown voltage for mobile applications while preventing high tunneling noise, a high-voltage N-well availab ...