Annie SouriauAnnie Souriau is a French seismologist from the commune of Saint-Cloud Paris. She is primarily known for her research into Earth's inner and outer cores, specifically her work examining seismic activity within and around the Pyrenees mountains. Through her and her colleague's research and studies, she has made notable advances to how we understand the inner workings of the earth's core while also winning countless awards in the process.
Democracy promotion by the United StatesAmerican democracy promotion aims to encourage governmental and non-governmental actors to pursue political reforms that will lead ultimately to democratic governance. As the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) is an area of the world vital to American interests yet generally entrenched in non-democratic, authoritarian rule (with the exceptions of Tunisia, Israel, and semi-democratic Lebanon, Iraq, Palestinian National Authority and Turkey), it has been the subject of increasing interest on the part of the American government and democracy promoters, particularly after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, with many viewing democratic transition as essential to regional stability and international security.
Alexis Claude ClairautAlexis Claude Clairaut, né le à Paris où il est mort le , est un mathématicien français. Il est le second d’une fratrie de 21 enfants. Son père, Jean-Baptiste Clairaut (1680-1766), enseignait les mathématiques. Il est instruit par lui en cette matière, apprenant à lire dans les Éléments d'Euclide. Il se montre d’une précocité telle qu’à l’âge de douze ans, il écrit un mémoire sur quatre courbes géométriques. À treize ans, il lit devant l’Académie des sciences un compte rendu des propriétés de quatre courbes qu’il avait découvertes.
