The ancient Chinese opera spiral wooden domes

The zaojing is an ancient architectural element that is widely found in various public buildings, such as temples, pagodas, palaces, and theatres. It is a richly decorated sunken ‘dome’ with a round top and a square bottom set into the ceiling and assembled from a large set of pieces using purely interlocking wood connections. In ancient times, the secular activities, like festivals, gatherings and celebrations, were always closely related to religious worship. They consequently formed the most important public place in the area. In these ancient opera stages, zaojings were frequently employed for their structural, aesthetic and acoustic properties. Despite their unique qualities, zaojings are poorly documented. This paper is based on a field research into existing opera wooden domes in Shanxi province (north) and Zhejiang province (south), which has revealed at least six types of Zaojings. This study concentrates on the spiral wooden dome, its typology, its construction process and its restoration.