Dôme (architecture) | EPFL Graph Search

vignette|Le dôme de Saint-Pierre de Rome. vignette|La première tour à dôme construite en France est probablement la tour nord de la cathédrale de Tours, érigée en 1547. Un dôme (du provençal doma, du latin doma, du grec dôma) est un élément d'architecture qui couvre un édifice de plan circulaire, elliptique ou polygonal. Sa forme est généralement proche d'un hémisphère, mais il existe de nombreuses variations. Le terme est souvent utilisé comme synonyme de coupole. Mais la coupole désigne plutôt une voûte considérée de l'intérieur, fréquemment sous un dôme qui peut alors être une structure distincte. Un dôme est donc souvent une toiture au-dessus d'une coupole. Le dôme peut aussi être vu comme la surface extérieure d'une coupole lorsqu'il s'agit de la même structure. Il n'y a pas de lien étymologique entre ce terme et son homonyme, qui désigne une église importante en Italie (duomo en italien et dom en langues gallo-italiques, médiane entre l'italien et le français) et en Allemagne,

District Heating in the City of Tokyo: A Case Study using a new Integrated Simulation Environment.

Meinrad Bürer, Daniel Favrat, Hongtao Li

This paper aims to illustrate a new holistic modeling environment through a case study implementing a district heating system to supply four groups of users identified in the city of Tokyo. The holistic modeling environment, called DOME (Distributed Object-based Modeling Environment) is being applied by researchers in the Alliance for Global Sustainability (AGS) to develop a platform for assessing technologies and policies with the intent to reduce significantly CO2 emissions in large cities. DOME is used as an information based collaboration platform for supporting the decentralized integration of models built independently under various application tools and operating systems. It provides system engineers with the ability to access experts’ models over the Internet through user-friendly interfaces. The interfaces provide clearly identified input and output variables to support a facilitated integration. The DOME environment also provides tools for analyzing the resultant integrated systems. In this district heating simulation, a GIS (geographic information system) based land-use database manager, implemented as an object in DOME, is used to obtain the total ground area, the total building floor area, and the number and type of buildings in a specified region of Tokyo. Using the land use database manager, four groups of users are established. The heat demands of the users are derived using specific heat consumption data for the types of buildings considered. Users are either connected to the district heating system through direct heat exchangers on the supply or return line, or through local heat pumps which adapt the temperature to the needs locally, allowing a lower network temperature. Two different options are considered for the district heat supply: 1) a heat pump based superstructure comprising a gas turbine and a gas engine as cogeneration units, as well as an auxiliary boiler for peak load, and 2) a gas turbine / steam turbine combined cycle based superstructure with various option like steam injection and/or CO2 separation unit. Physical and costing models for the two alternative production unit superstructures and for the district heating system are connected with the GIS database using DOME. The environomic methodology, a simultaneous consideration of thermodynamic, economic and environmental criteria expressed as an aggregated cost, is used to assess the alternatives under different scenarios essentially characterized by the cost of natural gas, and the degree of polluion cost internalization.

2001

A model of the western Laurentide Ice Sheet, using observations of glacial isostatic adjustment

Jean-Philippe Lucien Montillet

We present the results of a new numerical model of the late glacial western Laurentide Ice Sheet, constrained by observations of glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA), including relative sea level indicators, uplift rates from permanent GPS stations, contemporary differential lake level change, and postglacial tilt of glacial lake level indicators. The later two datasets have been underutilized in previous GIA based ice sheet reconstructions. The ice sheet model, called NAICE, is constructed using simple ice physics on the basis of changing margin location and basal shear stress conditions in order to produce ice volumes required to match GIA. The model matches the majority of the observations, while maintaining a relatively realistic ice sheet geometry. Our model has a peak volume at 18,000 yr BP, with a dome located just east of Great Slave Lake with peak thickness of 4000 m, and surface elevation of 3500 m. The modelled ice volume loss between 16,000 and 14,000 yr BP amounts to about 7.5 m of sea level equivalent, which is consistent with the hypothesis that a large portion of Meltwater Pulse 1A was sourced from this part of the ice sheet. The southern part of the ice sheet was thin and had a low elevation profile. This model provides an accurate representation of ice thickness and paleo-topography, and can be used to assess present day uplift and infer past climate. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Elsevier2016

Characterization of a quasi-real-time lighting computing system based on HDR imaging

Jean-Louis Scartezzini, Yujie Wu

In this paper we present the characterization of a calibrated embedded system for quasi real-time lighting computation based on HDR sky monitoring. To quantify its accuracy in lighting computation, we positioned the device in front of a test module with unilateral-façades to measure the luminance distribution of the sky and ground dome, including that of the sun, the clouds and landscape, followed by on-board illuminance computation in the device. An experiment was conducted on two representative days, with overcast and clear sky respectively. The embedded device computed the illuminance for 5 virtual sensors which was referred to the measurement by 5 lux-meters at the identical positions synchronously to assess its relative error. Compared with the Perez all-weather sky model, the embedded device was indicated to be more reliable and achieved 10%-25% higher accuracy in transient lighting computation of horizontal illuminance based on HDR imaging and luminance mapping.

Elsevier2017

District Heating in the City of Tokyo: A Case Study using a new Integrated Simulation Environment.

Meinrad Bürer, Daniel Favrat, Hongtao Li

2001