Publication

Rationalizing Performance Losses of Wide Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells Evident in Data from the Perovskite Database

Abstract

Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have become a widely studied class of semiconductors for various optoelectronic devices. The possibility to tune their bandgap (E-g) over a broad spectral range from 1.2 eV to 3 eV by compositional engineering makes them particularly attractive for light emitting devices and multi-junction solar cells. In this metadata study, data from Peer-reviewed publications available in the Perovskite Database () is used to evaluate the current state of E-g tuning in wideE(g) MHP semiconductors. Recent literature on wide E-g MHP semiconductors is examined and the data is extracted and uploaded onto the Perovskite Database. Beyond describing recent highlights and scientific breakthroughs, general trends are drawn from 45,000 individual experimental datasets of MHP solar cell devices. The historical evolution of MHP solar cells is recapitulated, and general conclusions are drawn about the current limits of device performance. Three dominant causes are identified and discussed for the degradation of performance relative to the Shockley-Queisser (SQ) model's theoretical limit for single-junction solar cells: 1) energetically mismatched selective transport materials for wide Eg MHPs, 2) lower optoelectronic quality of wide E-g MHP absorbers, and 3) dynamically evolving compositional heterogeneity due to light-induced phase segregation phenomena.

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Related concepts (32)
Multi-junction solar cell
Multi-junction (MJ) solar cells are solar cells with multiple p–n junctions made of different semiconductor materials. Each material's p-n junction will produce electric current in response to different wavelengths of light. The use of multiple semiconducting materials allows the absorbance of a broader range of wavelengths, improving the cell's sunlight to electrical energy conversion efficiency. Traditional single-junction cells have a maximum theoretical efficiency of 33.16%.
Solar-cell efficiency
Solar-cell efficiency refers to the portion of energy in the form of sunlight that can be converted via photovoltaics into electricity by the solar cell. The efficiency of the solar cells used in a photovoltaic system, in combination with latitude and climate, determines the annual energy output of the system. For example, a solar panel with 20% efficiency and an area of 1 m2 will produce 200 kWh/yr at Standard Test Conditions if exposed to the Standard Test Condition solar irradiance value of 1000 W/m2 for 2.
Timeline of solar cells
In the 19th century, it was observed that the sunlight striking certain materials generates detectable electric current – the photoelectric effect. This discovery laid the foundation for solar cells. Solar cells have gone on to be used in many applications. They have historically been used in situations where electrical power from the grid was unavailable. As the invention was brought out it made solar cells as a prominent utilization for power generation for satellites.
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