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Superconductivity is a set of physical properties observed in certain materials where electrical resistance vanishes and magnetic fields are expelled from the material. Any material exhibiting these properties is a superconductor. Unlike an ordinary metallic conductor, whose resistance decreases gradually as its temperature is lowered, even down to near absolute zero, a superconductor has a characteristic critical temperature below which the resistance drops abruptly to zero.
The finite element method (FEM) is a popular method for numerically solving differential equations arising in engineering and mathematical modeling. Typical problem areas of interest include the traditional fields of structural analysis, heat transfer, fluid flow, mass transport, and electromagnetic potential. The FEM is a general numerical method for solving partial differential equations in two or three space variables (i.e., some boundary value problems).
Chaos theory is an interdisciplinary area of scientific study and branch of mathematics focused on underlying patterns and deterministic laws of dynamical systems that are highly sensitive to initial conditions, and were once thought to have completely random states of disorder and irregularities. Chaos theory states that within the apparent randomness of chaotic complex systems, there are underlying patterns, interconnection, constant feedback loops, repetition, self-similarity, fractals, and self-organization.
High-Temperature Superconductors (HTS) can be superconducting in liquid nitrogen 77 K, holding immense promises for our future. They can enable disruptive technologies such as nuclear fusion, lossless
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A detailed knowledge of the resistivity of high-temperature superconductors in the overcritical current regime is important to achieve reliable numerical simulations of applications such as supercondu
Hadron therapy refers to a medical treatment that uses hadron beams (i.e. protons and ions) to deliver localized energy that suppresses cancerous cells, sparing the neighbouring healthy tissues from u