Organosulfur chemistry

Organosulfur chemistry is the study of the properties and synthesis of organosulfur compounds, which are organic compounds that contain sulfur. They are often associated with foul odors, but many of the sweetest compounds known are organosulfur derivatives, e.g., saccharin. Nature abounds with organosulfur compounds—sulfur is vital for life. Of the 20 common amino acids, two (cysteine and methionine) are organosulfur compounds, and the antibiotics penicillin and sulfa drugs both contain sulfur. While sulfur-containing antibiotics save many lives, sulfur mustard is a deadly chemical warfare agent. Fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas, which are derived from ancient organisms, necessarily contain organosulfur compounds, the removal of which is a major focus of oil refineries. Sulfur shares the chalcogen group with oxygen, selenium, and tellurium, and it is expected that organosulfur compounds have similarities with carbon–oxygen, carbon–selenium, and carbon–tellurium compounds. A classical chemical test for the detection of sulfur compounds is the Carius halogen method. Organosulfur compounds can be classified according to the sulfur-containing functional groups, which are listed (approximately) in decreasing order of their occurrence. Image:R-allicin-2D-skeletal.svg|[[Allicin]], the active flavor compound in crushed garlic Image:Cysteine.svg| (''R'')-[[Cysteine]], an [[amino acid]] containing a thiol group Image:Methionin - Methionine.svg|[[Methionine]], an [[amino acid]] containing a sulfide Image:Diphenyl disulfide.svg|[[Diphenyl disulfide]], a representative disulfide Image:Dibenzothiophen - Dibenzothiophene.svg|[[Dibenzothiophene]], a component of crude oil Image:Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid structure.svg|[[Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid]], a controversial surfactant Image:Lipoic_acid.svg|[[Lipoic acid]], an essential cofactor of four mitochondrial enzyme complexes. Image:Penicillin core.svg|[[Penicillin]] core structure, where "R" is the variable group. image:Sulfanilamide-skeletal.

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Thio-

The prefix thio-, when applied to a chemical, such as an ion, means that an oxygen atom in the compound has been replaced by a sulfur atom. This term is often used in organic chemistry. For example, from the word ether, referring to an oxygen-containing compound having the general chemical structure , where R and R′ are organic functional groups and O is an oxygen atom, comes the word thioether, which refers to an analogous compound with the general structure , where S is a sulfur atom covalently bonded to two organic groups.

Sulfonic acid

In organic chemistry, sulfonic acid (or sulphonic acid) refers to a member of the class of organosulfur compounds with the general formula , where R is an organic alkyl or aryl group and the group a sulfonyl hydroxide. As a substituent, it is known as a sulfo group. A sulfonic acid can be thought of as sulfuric acid with one hydroxyl group replaced by an organic substituent. The parent compound (with the organic substituent replaced by hydrogen) is the parent sulfonic acid, , a tautomer of sulfurous acid, .

Sulfonyl group

In organosulfur chemistry, a sulfonyl group can refer either to a functional group found primarily in sulfones, or to a substituent obtained from a sulfonic acid by the removal of the hydroxyl group, similarly to acyl groups. Sulfonyl groups can be written as having the general formula , where there are two double bonds between the sulfur and oxygen. Sulfonyl groups can be reduced to the sulfide with DIBALH. Lithium aluminium hydride () reduces some but not all sulfones to sulfides.

Structure and Reactivity of N-Heterocyclic Alkynyl Hypervalent Iodine Reagents

Rosario Scopelliti, Jérôme Waser, Farzaneh Fadaei Tirani, Matthew Wodrich, Eliott Hugo Joran Le Du

Ethynylbenziodoxol(on)e (EBX) cyclic hypervalent iodine reagents have become popular reagents for the alkynylation of radicals and nucleophiles, but only offer limited possibilities for further structure and reactivity fine-tuning. Herein, the synthesis of ...

2021

Copper(I) Based Photoredox Chemistry

Murat Alkan

Photoredox catalysis has become a powerful tool for chemists. However, the reliance on expensive Ir and Ru based photoredox catalysts (PC) motivates research for more sustainable options. Copper complexes based on favorable photophysical properties, high a ...

EPFL2020

Hypobromous Acid as an Unaccounted Sink for Marine Dimethyl Sulfide?

Urs von Gunten, Boris Droz

Marine emissions of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) to the atmosphere play a fundamental role in the global sulfur (5) cycle and have important consequences for the Earth's radiative balance. In the ocean, DMS is mainly produced by marine algae and bacteria via cle ...

AMER CHEMICAL SOC2019

Explores strategies for total synthesis of complex molecules through electrophilic substitution reactions on aromatic compounds, discussing challenges and applications.

Covers the synthesis strategies for the active ingredient of Tamiflu, focusing on retrosynthesis and regioselective openings.

Organic compound

In chemistry, many authors consider an organic compound to be any chemical compound that contains carbon-hydrogen or carbon-carbon bonds, however, some authors consider an organic compound to be any chemical compound that contains carbon. The definition of "organic" versus "inorganic" varies from author to author, and is a topic of debate. For example, methane () is considered organic, but whether some other carbon-containing compounds are organic or inorganic varies from author to author, for example halides of carbon without carbon-hydrogen and carbon-carbon bonds (e.

Chemical substances

A chemical substance is a form of matter having constant chemical composition and characteristic properties. Chemical substances can be simple substances (substances consisting of a single chemical element), chemical compounds, or alloys. Chemical substances that cannot be separated into their simpler constituent elements by physical means are said to be 'pure'; this notion intended to set them apart from mixtures.

Organometallic chemistry

Organometallic chemistry is the study of organometallic compounds, chemical compounds containing at least one chemical bond between a carbon atom of an organic molecule and a metal, including alkali, alkaline earth, and transition metals, and sometimes broadened to include metalloids like boron, silicon, and selenium, as well. Aside from bonds to organyl fragments or molecules, bonds to 'inorganic' carbon, like carbon monoxide (metal carbonyls), cyanide, or carbide, are generally considered to be organometallic as well.