Cancer research | EPFL Graph Search

Cancer research is research into cancer to identify causes and develop strategies for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and cure. Cancer research ranges from epidemiology, molecular bioscience to the performance of clinical trials to evaluate and compare applications of the various cancer treatments. These applications include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, immunotherapy and combined treatment modalities such as chemo-radiotherapy. Starting in the mid-1990s, the emphasis in clinical cancer research shifted towards therapies derived from biotechnology research, such as cancer immunotherapy and gene therapy. Cancer research is done in academia, research institutes, and corporate environments, and is largely government funded. Cancer research has been ongoing for centuries. Early research focused on the causes of cancer. Percivall Pott identified the first environmental trigger (chimney soot) for cancer in 1775 and cigarette smoking was identified as a cause of lung cancer in 1950. Early cancer treatment focused on improving surgical techniques for removing tumors. Radiation therapy took hold in the 1900s. Chemotherapeutics were developed and refined throughout the 20th century. The U.S. declared a "War on Cancer" in the 1970s, and increased the funding and support for cancer research. Some of the most highly cited and most influential research reports include: The Hallmarks of Cancer, published in 2000, and Hallmarks of Cancer: The Next Generation, published in 2011, by Douglas Hanahan and Robert Weinberg. Together, these articles have been cited in over 30,000 published papers. Cancer research encompasses a variety of types and interdisciplinary areas of research. Scientists involved in cancer research may be trained in areas such as chemistry, biochemistry, molecular biology, physiology, medical physics, epidemiology, and biomedical engineering. Research performed on a foundational level is referred to as basic research and is intended to clarify scientific principles and mechanisms.

Next-Generation Modeling of Cancer Using Organoids

Wouter Richard Karthaus, Jillian Rose Love

In the last decade, organoid technology has become a cornerstone in cancer research. Organoids are long-term primary cell cultures, usually of epithelial origin, grown in a three-dimensional (3D) protein matrix and a fully defined medium. Organoids can be ...

Cold Spring Harbor Lab Press, Publications Dept2024

NMR and MS reveal characteristic metabolome atlas and optimize esophageal squamous cell carcinoma early detection

Lijing Xin, Yan Li, Yubo Zhao, Yan Lin, Wei Ye

Metabolic changes precede malignant histology. However, it remains unclear whether detectable characteristic metabolome exists in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tissues and biofluids for early diagnosis. Here, we conduct NMR- and MS-based metabo ...

Nature Portfolio2024