Ethics or moral philosophy is a branch of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct. The field of ethics, along with aesthetics, concern matters of value, and thus comprise the branch of philosophy called axiology.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to ethics.
The following examples of questions that might be considered in each field illustrate the differences between the fields:
Descriptive ethics: What do people think is right?
Normative ethics (prescriptive): How should people act?
Applied ethics: How do we take moral knowledge and put it into practice?
Meta-ethics: What does "right" even mean?
Applied ethics – using philosophical methods, attempts to identify the morally correct course of action in various fields of human life.
Economics and business
Business ethics – concerns questions such as the limits on managers in the pursuit of profit, or the duty of 'whistleblowers' to the general public as opposed to their employers.
Development ethics (economic development)
Ethics in management
Ethics in pharmaceutical sales
Lifeboat ethics (economic metaphor)
Bioethics – concerned with identifying the correct approach to matters such as euthanasia, or the allocation of scarce health resources, or the use of human embryos in research.
Ethics of cloning
Veterinary ethics
Neuroethics – ethics in neuroscience, but also the neuroscience of ethics
Utilitarian bioethics
Organizational ethics – ethics among organizations.
Professional ethics
Accounting ethics – study of moral values and judgments as they apply to accountancy.
Archaeological ethics –
Computer ethics – deals with how computing professionals should make decisions regarding professional and social conduct.
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L'objectif général de ce cours est de permettre aux étudiant-e-s:
de saisir les questions environnementales en tant que questions éthiques;
de clarifier le point de vue à partir duquel apparaît leur
The students will understand the cognitive and social factors which affect learning - particularly in science and engineering. They will be able to use social research techniques as part of the design
Students will develop an understanding of the psychological and social processes of learning the following competences: (i) ethical sensitivity, (ii) ethical reasoning, (iii) ethical motivation, and (
Delves into the Swiss legal framework for animal experimentation, covering constitutional provisions, ethical evaluation, 3Rs principles, licensing procedures, roles and responsibilities, and global challenges.
Evolutionary ethics is a field of inquiry that explores how evolutionary theory might bear on our understanding of ethics or morality. The range of issues investigated by evolutionary ethics is quite broad. Supporters of evolutionary ethics have claimed that it has important implications in the fields of descriptive ethics, normative ethics, and metaethics. Descriptive evolutionary ethics consists of biological approaches to morality based on the alleged role of evolution in shaping human psychology and behavior.
Nursing ethics is a branch of applied ethics that concerns itself with activities in the field of nursing. Nursing ethics shares many principles with medical ethics, such as beneficence, non-maleficence and respect for autonomy. It can be distinguished by its emphasis on relationships, human dignity and collaborative care. The nature of nursing means that nursing ethics tends to examine the ethics of caring rather than 'curing' by exploring the everyday interaction between the nurse and the person in care.
Pragmatic ethics is a theory of normative philosophical ethics and meta-ethics. Ethical pragmatists such as John Dewey believe that some societies have progressed morally in much the way they have attained progress in science. Scientists can pursue inquiry into the truth of a hypothesis and accept the hypothesis, in the sense that they act as though the hypothesis were true; nonetheless, they think that future generations can advance science, and thus future generations can refine or replace (at least some of) their accepted hypotheses.
Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly used in an ever larger number of industries. Alongside this development, however, abundant works argue that AI-driven systems are lacking in terms of safety, ethics and transparency. As a direct consequence, the ...
How would a value–led landscape design leverage more equal and sustainable transformations in land governance and use? In light of recent changes in climate, society, and technology, inter and multidisciplinary collaborations as well as knowledge exchange ...
The course analyses a selection of case studies on selected topics to describe how human agency can respond, prevent or mitigate ethical issues by reframing these as opportunities for innovation. This analysis provides indication on what could be a good pr ...