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Himarë (Himara; Χιμάρα, Chimara or Χειμάρρα, Cheimarra) is a municipality and region in Vlorë County, southern Albania. The municipality has a total area of and consists of the administrative units of Himarë, Horë-Vranisht and Lukovë. It lies between the Ceraunian Mountains and the Albanian Ionian Sea Coast and is part of the Albanian Riviera. The traditionally perceived borders of the Himarë region gradually shrank during the Ottoman period, being reduced to the town of Himarë and the villages of the coastline (Bregdet in Albanian), generally including only Palase, Dhermi, Pilur, Kudhes, Vuno, Ilias and Qeparo. The municipal unit of Himarë is predominantly populated by an ethnic Greek community. The local population is bilingual in Greek and Albanian. In particular the town of Himarë and the villages of Dermi and Palasa, which together account for the bulk of the population of the municipal unit of Himarë, are mainly populated by a Greek population. The villages of Iljas, Lukovë, Kudhës, Pilur and Vuno are inhabited by an Albanian population, while Qeparo is inhabited by both Albanians and Greeks. In the 2011 census, in the former municipality of Horë-Vranisht 83% declared themselves as Albanians and the rest didn't provide a reply. In the former Lukovë municipality the population is Albanian (94%) with a small Greek minority (6%). The Himarë region is a strip approximately 20 km long by 5 km wide, covering a total of 132.13 km2, and bounded by the 2000-metre-high Ceraunian mountains to the northeast and the Ionian Sea to the southwest. There are long white sandy beaches and the few hills close to the sea are terraced and planted with olive and citrus trees. The traditionally perceived borders of the Himarë region gradually shrank during the Ottoman period, being reduced only to the town of Himarë and the villages on the coastline (Bregdet in Albanian). In antiquity the region was inhabited by the Greek tribe of the Chaonians. The Chaonians were one of the three principal Greek-speaking tribes of Epirus, along with the Thesprotians and the Molossians.

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Vlorë

Vlorë (ˈvlɔːrə , ˈvlɔɾə; Vlora) is the third most populous city of the Republic of Albania and seat of Vlorë County and Vlorë Municipality. Located in southwestern Albania, Vlorë sprawls on the Bay of Vlorë and is surrounded by the foothills of the Ceraunian Mountains along the Albanian Adriatic and Ionian Sea Coasts. It experiences a Mediterranean climate, which is affected by the Ceraunian Mountains and the proximity to the Mediterranean Sea.

Chaonians

The Chaonians (Cháones) were an ancient Greek people that inhabited the historical region of Epirus which today is part of northwestern Greece and southern Albania. Together with the Molossians and the Thesprotians, they formed the main tribes of the northwestern Greek group. In historical times on their southern frontier lay the Epirote kingdom of the Molossians, to their southwest stood the kingdom of the Thesprotians, and to their north the Illyrians.

Albanian Riviera

The Albanian Riviera (Riviera shqiptare, ɾiviˈɛɾa ʃcipˈtaɾɛ), also popularly known as Bregu, is a coastline along the Northeastern Ionian Sea in the Mediterranean Sea encompassing the districts of Sarandë and Vlorë in Southwestern Albania. It forms an important section of the Albanian Ionian Sea Coast dotted with the villages of Palasë, Dhërmi, Vuno, Himara, Qeparo, Borsh, Piqeras, Lukovë and the city of Sarandë. The riviera should not be confused with the entire coastline of the country, which includes the Ionian Sea Coast, and the mostly flat Adriatic Sea Coast in the north.

Prévision et gestion des crues du Rhône supérieur par l’exploitation optimale des retenues alpines

Anton Schleiss, Frédéric Jordan

Un modèle de prévision et de gestion des crues du Rhône supérieur à l’amont du Léman est présenté. Cet outil permet la prévision des débits à un horizon de 72 h en tout point du bassin versant et consécutivement une gestion préventive optimale des aménagements hydroélectriques à accumulation lors des crues. Tenant compte des différents processus hydrologiques présents sur le bassin versant, le modèle est également capable d’améliorer sa pertinence grâce à une procédure de mise à jour des variables d’état. Enfin, un système d’aide à la décision permet, pour chaque retenue, de déterminer les horaires optimaux de turbinage et d’ouverture des vidanges de fond pour maximiser l’effet de laminage lors de la pointe de la crue. Il produit également une estimation du coût associé aux décisions ou non-décisions ainsi que le coût de décisions inappropriées résultant d’une fausse prévision météorologique.

2010