In physics, the attenuation length or absorption length is the distance λ into a material when the probability has dropped to 1/e that a particle has not been absorbed. Alternatively, if there is a beam of particles incident on the material, the attenuation length is the distance where the intensity of the beam has dropped to 1/e, or about 63% of the particles have been stopped.
Mathematically, the probability of finding a particle at depth x into the material is calculated by the Beer–Lambert law:
In general λ is material- and energy-dependent.
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This course is an introduction to microwaves and microwave passive circuits. A special attention is given to the introduction of the notion of distributed circuits and to the scattering matrix
The course will deepen the fundamentals of heat transfer. Particular focus will be put on radiative and convective heat transfer, and computational approaches to solve complex, coupled heat transfer p
Learn how principles of basic science are integrated into major biomedical imaging modalities and the different techniques used, such as X-ray computed tomography (CT), ultrasounds and positron emissi
Learn how principles of basic science are integrated into major biomedical imaging modalities and the different techniques used, such as X-ray computed tomography (CT), ultrasounds and positron emissi
The linear attenuation coefficient, attenuation coefficient, or narrow-beam attenuation coefficient characterizes how easily a volume of material can be penetrated by a beam of light, sound, particles, or other energy or matter. A coefficient value that is large represents a beam becoming 'attenuated' as it passes through a given medium, while a small value represents that the medium had little effect on loss. The SI unit of attenuation coefficient is the reciprocal metre (m−1).
In particle physics, the radiation length is a characteristic of a material, related to the energy loss of high energy particles electromagnetically interacting with it. It is defined as the mean length (in cm) into the material at which the energy of an electron is reduced by the factor 1/e. In materials of high atomic number (e.g. tungsten, uranium, plutonium) the electrons of energies >~10 MeV predominantly lose energy by bremsstrahlung, and high-energy photons by pair production.
In physics, mean free path is the average distance over which a moving particle (such as an atom, a molecule, or a photon) travels before substantially changing its direction or energy (or, in a specific context, other properties), typically as a result of one or more successive collisions with other particles. Imagine a beam of particles being shot through a target, and consider an infinitesimally thin slab of the target (see the figure). The atoms (or particles) that might stop a beam particle are shown in red.
Explores analytical and Monte Carlo solutions for radiative heat transfer in isotropically scattering media at radiative equilibrium between gray and diffuse walls.
Explores how electromagnetic waves interact with matter, emphasizing transmission, absorption, and reflection.
Explores light-matter interaction, transmission through materials, and Maxwell equations.
The LHCb Collaboration is constructing a large scintillating fibre tracker for a major upgrade of the experiment during the LHC long shutdown LS2 scheduled for 2019-2020. The detector is based on blue emitting Kuraray SCSF-78MJ fibres of 0.25 mm diameter, ...
Background A viable single cell is crucial for studies of single cell biology. In this paper, laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) was used to isolate individual cell with a closed chamber designed to avoid contamination and maintain humidity. Hela cells ...
Biomed Central Ltd2017
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Traditional location methods such as time of arrival and direction of arrival have been widely used to locate transient radiation sources. However, these approaches neglect the directional radiation pattern of the sources. Locating directional sources is a ...