Esophagitis

Esophagitis, also spelled oesophagitis, is a disease characterized by inflammation of the esophagus. The esophagus is a tube composed of a mucosal lining, and longitudinal and circular smooth muscle fibers. It connects the pharynx to the stomach; swallowed food and liquids normally pass through it. Esophagitis can be asymptomatic; or can cause epigastric and/or substernal burning pain, especially when lying down or straining; and can make swallowing difficult (dysphagia). The most common cause of esophagitis is the reverse flow of acid from the stomach into the lower esophagus: gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). TOC The symptoms of esophagitis include: Heartburn – a burning sensation in the lower mid-chest Nausea Dysphagia – swallowing is painful, with difficulty passing or inability to pass food through the esophagus Vomiting (emesis) Abdominal pain Cough If the disease remains untreated, it can cause scarring and discomfort in the esophagus. If the irritation is not allowed to heal, esophagitis can result in esophageal ulcers. Esophagitis can develop into Barrett's esophagus and can increase the risk of esophageal cancer. Infectious esophagitis cannot be spread. However, infections can be spread by those who have infectious esophagitis. Esophagitis can develop due to many causes. GERD is the most common cause of esophagitis because of the backflow of acid from the stomach, which can irritate the lining of the esophagus. Other causes include: Medicines – Can cause esophageal damage that can lead to esophageal ulcers Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) – aspirin, naproxen sodium, and ibuprofen. Known to irritate the GI tract. Antibiotics – doxycycline and tetracycline Quinidine Bisphosphonates – used to treat osteoporosis Steroids Potassium chloride Chemical injury by alkaline or acid solutions Physical injury resulting from nasogastric tubes. Alcohol use disorder – Can wear down the lining of the esophagus. Crohn's disease – a type of IBD and an autoimmune disease that can cause esophagitis if it attacks the esophagus.

The Receptor TGR5 Mediates the Prokinetic Actions of Intestinal Bile Acids and Is Required for Normal Defecation in Mice

Kristina Schoonjans

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Abnormal delivery of bile acids (BAs) to the colon as a result of disease or therapy causes constipation or diarrhea by unknown mechanisms. The G protein-coupled BA receptor TGR5 (or GPBAR1) is expressed by enteric neurons and endocrine ...

W B Saunders Co-Elsevier Inc2013

The Receptor TGR5 Mediates the Prokinetic Actions of Intestinal Bile Acids and Is Required for Normal Defecation in Mice

Optimizing light dosimetry in photodynamic therapy of early stage carcinomas of the esophagus using fluorescence spectroscopy

Optimizing light dosimetry in photodynamic therapy of early stage carcinomas of the esophagus using fluorescence spectroscopy

The Receptor TGR5 Mediates the Prokinetic Actions of Intestinal Bile Acids and Is Required for Normal Defecation in Mice