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Concept
Red Sea
Summary
The Red Sea (البحر الأحمر - بحر القلزم ; יַם-סוּף or הַיָּם הָאָדְוֹם ; Coptic: ⲫⲓⲟⲙ ⲛ̀ϩⲁϩ Phiom Enhah or ⲫⲓⲟⲙ ⲛ̀ϣⲁⲣⲓ Phiom ǹšari; Tigrinya: ቀይሕ ባሕሪ Qeyih Bahri; Badda Cas 𐒁𐒖𐒆𐒆𐒖 𐒋𐒖𐒈) is a seawater inlet of the Indian Ocean, lying between Africa and Asia. Its connection to the ocean is in the south, through the Bab el Mandeb strait and the Gulf of Aden. To its north lie the Sinai Peninsula, the Gulf of Aqaba, and the Gulf of Suez (leading to the Suez Canal). It is underlain by the Red Sea Rift, which is part of the Great Rift Valley.
The Red Sea has a surface area of roughly , is about long, and — at its widest point — wide. It has an average depth of , and in the central Suakin Trough it reaches its maximum depth of .
Approximately 40% of the Red Sea is quite shallow (less than 100 m (330 ft) deep), and about 25% is less than 50 m (164 ft) deep. The extensive shallow shelves are noted for their marine life and corals. More than 1,000 invertebrate species and 200 types of soft and hard coral live in the sea. The Red Sea is the world's northernmost tropical sea, and has been designated a Global 200 ecoregion.
The International Hydrographic Organization defines the limits of the Red Sea as follows:
On the North. The Southern limits of the Gulfs of Suez [A line running from Ràs Muhammed (27°43'N) to the South point of Shadwan Island (34°02'E) and thence Westward on a parallel (27°27'N) to the coast of Africa] and Aqaba [A line running from Ràs al Fasma Southwesterly to Requin Island () through Tiran Island to the Southwest point thereof and thence Westward on a parallel (27°54'N) to the coast of the Sinai Peninsula].
On the South. A line joining Husn Murad () and Ras Siyyan ().
Exclusive economic zones in Red Sea:
Note: Hala'ib Triangle disputed between Sudan and Egypt and calculated for both.
Red Sea is a direct translation of the Ancient Greek Erythra Thalassa (Ἐρυθρὰ Θάλασσα). The sea itself was once referred to as the Erythraean Sea by Europeans.
Official source
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