Saudi Arabia

Summary

Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a country in West Asia. It covers the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula, and has a land area of about , making it the fifth-largest country in Asia, the second-largest in the Arab world, and the largest in West Asia and the Middle East. It is bordered by the Red Sea to the west; Jordan, Iraq, and Kuwait to the north; the Persian Gulf, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates to the east; Oman to the southeast; and Yemen to the south. Bahrain is an island country off its east coast. The Gulf of Aqaba in the northwest separates Saudi Arabia from Egypt and Israel. Saudi Arabia is the only country with a coastline along both the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf, and most of its terrain consists of arid desert, lowland, steppe, and mountains. Saudi Arabia's capital and largest city is Riyadh; the kingdom also is the location of Islam's two holiest cities of Mecca and Medina. Pre-Islamic Arabia, the territory that constitutes modern-day Saudi

Official source

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia

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Une gare TGV à Amman, Jordanie

Ahmed Al-Atwi, Morgan Hempler

Isaac Newton disait: «L'homme construit trop de murs et pas assez de ponts.» Ces quelques mots résument la division qui règne aujourd'hui au Moyen-Orient, une région et ses problèmes qui sont le centre de notre travail. Pour tenter de trouver une solution, nous nous sommes intéressés au réseau ferroviaire – symbole du pont contemporain entre les peuples. Nous avons conclu qu'une infrastructure internationale de trains à grande vitesse serait un projet fédérateur et rassembleur pour l'ensemble des pays de la péninsule arabique. Après un travail cartographique et une analyse complète des réseaux existants, nous proposons en conclusion de notre énoncé théorique la (re) construction de l'ancienne ligne ottomane transnationale: le Hejaz. Cette ligne connecterait Istanbul à La Mecque et traverserait la Turquie, la Syrie, la Jordanie et l'Arabie Saoudite. Elle deviendrait une colonne vertébrale sur laquelle pourraient se connecter les réseaux du Maghreb, d'Europe et d'Asie. C'est donc naturellement que le projet que nous proposons est la cristallisation de l'un des nœuds importants de cette ligne: la gare d'Amman en Jordanie. Ce projet s'inspire de la culture locale et notamment des “oueds” – comme le Sikh de Petra. Entre infrastructure efficace et poésie islamique, nous voulons que la gare devienne un lieu de passage autant que de flânerie. Avec une architecture islamique non maniériste, le projet essaye d'unifier tradition et modernité.

2015

Resistance through algorithm: the case of Saudi Arabia

Chiara Livia Bernardi

2011

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Perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells are emerging as a high-efficiency and prospectively cost-effective solar technology with great promise for deployment at the utility scale. However, despite the remarkable performance progress reported lately, assuring sufficient device stability-particularly of the perovskite top cell-remains a challenge on the path to practical impact. In this work, we analyze the outdoor performance of encapsulated bifacial perovskite/silicon tandems, by carrying out field-testing in Saudi Arabia. Over a six month experiment, we find that the open circuit voltage retains its initial value, whereas the fill factor degrades, which is found to have two causes. A first degradation mechanism is linked with ion migration in the perovskite and is largely reversible overnight, though it does induce hysteretic behavior over time. A second, irreversible, mechanism is caused by corrosion of the silver metal top contact with the formation of silver iodide. These findings provide directions for the design of new and more stable perovskite/silicon tandems

AMER CHEMICAL SOC2021