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Concept
Web API
Summary
A web API is an application programming interface (API) for either a web server or a web browser.
As a web development concept, it can be related to a web application's client side (including any web frameworks being used).
A server-side web API consists of one or more publicly exposed endpoints to a defined request–response message system, typically expressed in JSON or XML by means of an HTTP-based web server.
A server API (SAPI) is not considered a server-side web API, unless it is publicly accessible by a remote web application.
A client-side web API is a programmatic interface to extend functionality within a web browser or other HTTP client. Originally these were most commonly in the form of native plug-in browser extensions however most newer ones target standardized JavaScript bindings.
The Mozilla Foundation created their WebAPI specification which is designed to help replace native mobile applications with HTML5 applications.
Google created their Native Client architecture which is designed to help replace insecure native plug-ins with secure native sandboxed extensions and applications. They have also made this portable by employing a modified LLVM AOT compiler.
A server-side web API consists of one or more publicly exposed endpoints to a defined request–response message system, typically expressed in JSON or XML. The web API is exposed most commonly by means of an HTTP-based web server.
Mashups are web applications which combine the use of multiple server-side web APIs. Webhooks are server-side web APIs that take input as a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) that is designed to be used like a remote named pipe or a type of callback such that the server acts as a client to dereference the provided URI and trigger an event on another server which handles this event thus providing a type of peer-to-peer IPC.
Endpoints are important aspects of interacting with server-side web APIs, as they specify where resources lie that can be accessed by third party software.
Official source
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