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Concept
Landing Craft Mechanized
Summary
The landing craft mechanized (LCM) is a landing craft designed for carrying vehicles. They came to prominence during the Second World War when they were used to land troops or tanks during Allied amphibious assaults.
There was no single design of LCM used, unlike the landing craft, vehicle, personnel (LCVP) or Landing Craft Assault (LCA) landing craft made by the US and UK respectively. There were several different designs built by the UK and US and by different manufacturers.
The British Motor Landing Craft (MLC) was conceived and tested in the 1920s and was used from 1924 in exercises. Nine were in service at the start of the war. It was the first purpose built tank landing craft. It was the progenitor of all subsequent LCM designs.
LCM 1
The landing craft, mechanised Mark I was an early British model. It was able to be slung under the davits of a liner or on a cargo ship boom with the result that it was limited to a 16-ton tank.
The LCM Mark I was used during the Allied landings in Norway (one alongside the MLCs), and at Dieppe and some 600 were built.
Displacement: 35 tonnes
Length:
Width:
Draught:
Machinery: two Chrysler 100 hp petrol engines
Speed: 7 knots
Crew: 6 men
Armament: two .303 in. Lewis guns
Capacity: one medium tank, or 26.8 tons of cargo or 60 troops
100 men
with of freeboard
LCM (2)
Displacement: 29 tons
Length: 45 ft (14 m)
Beam: 14 ft 1 in (4.3 m)
Draft: 3 ft (0.91 m)
Speed: 8.5 knots (15.7 km/h)
Armament: two .50-cal M2 Browning machine guns
Crew: 4
Capacity; 100 troops, or one 13.5 ton tank, or 15 tons of cargo
The first American LCM design, from the US Navy's Bureau of Construction and Repair. Approximately 150 were built by American Car & Foundry and Higgins Industries.
There were two designs:
Bureau
Capable of carrying of cargo
Higgins
In appearance very similar to the LCVP which Higgins Industries also constructed, with a wide load area at the front and a small armoured (1/4 inch steel) wheelhouse on the aft decking over the engine room. A Higgins LCM-3 is on display at the Battleship Cove maritime museum in Fall River, Massachusetts.
Official source
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