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Concept
Knot (unit)
Summary
The knot (nɒt) is a unit of speed equal to one nautical mile per hour, exactly 1.852km/h (approximately 1.151mph or 0.514m/s). The ISO standard symbol for the knot is kn. The same symbol is preferred by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), while kt is also common, especially in aviation, where it is the form recommended by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). The knot is a non-SI unit. The knot is used in meteorology, and in maritime and air navigation. A vessel travelling at 1 knot along a meridian travels approximately one minute of geographic latitude in one hour.
1 international knot =
1 nautical mile per hour (by definition),
(exactly),
(approximately),
(approximately),
(approximately)
(approximately).
The length of the internationally agreed nautical mile is 1852m. The US adopted the international definition in 1954, having previously used the US nautical mile (1853.248m). The UK adopted the international nautical mile definition in 1970, having previously used the UK Admiralty nautical mile (6080ft or 1853.184m).
The speeds of vessels relative to the fluids in which they travel (boat speeds and air speeds) are measured in knots. For consistency, the speeds of navigational fluids (ocean currents, tidal streams, river currents and wind speeds) are also measured in knots. Thus, speed over the ground (SOG; ground speed (GS) in aircraft) and rate of progress towards a distant point ("velocity made good", VMG) are also given in knots.
Until the mid-19th century, vessel speed at sea was measured using a chip log. This consisted of a wooden panel, attached by line to a reel, and weighted on one edge to float perpendicularly to the water surface and thus present substantial resistance to the water moving around it. The chip log was cast over the stern of the moving vessel and the line allowed to pay out. Knots tied at a distance of 47 feet 3 inches (14.4018 m) from each other, passed through a sailor's fingers, while another sailor used a 30-second sand-glass (28-second sand-glass is the currently accepted timing) to time the operation.
Official source
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