Intercropping

Intercropping is a multiple cropping practice that involves the cultivation of two or more crops simultaneously on the same field. The most common goal of intercropping is to produce a greater yield on a given piece of land by making use of resources or ecological processes that would otherwise not be utilized by a single crop. The degree of spatial and temporal overlap in the two crops can vary somewhat, but both requirements must be met for a cropping system to be an intercrop. Numerous types of intercropping, all of which vary the temporal and spatial mixture to some degree, have been identified. Mixed intercropping, (also known as maslin) is the most basic form in which multiple crops are freely mixed in the available space. Maslin is a common practice in Ethiopia, Eritrea, Georgia, and a few other places. Maslin has been practiced for thousands of years. In Medieval England, farmers mixed oat and barley, which they called dredge, or dredge corn, to make livestock feed. French peasants ground wheat/rye maslin to make pain de méteil, or bread of mixed grains. In and around Ukraine, the historic word for maslins—surjik or surzhyk—was stretched to describe dialect that mixes Russian, Moldovan, or other languages. The Turkish word mahlut came to mean impure. Ease of harvesting and buyer preferences led later farmers to plant single-species fields. The skills needed for maslin farming atrophied. Row cropping involves the component crops arranged in alternate rows. Variations include alley cropping, where crops are grown in between rows of trees, and strip cropping, where multiple rows, or a strip, of one crop are alternated with multiple rows of another crop. A new version of this is to intercrop rows of solar photovoltaic modules with agriculture crops. This practice is called agrivoltaics. Temporal intercropping uses the practice of sowing a fast-growing crop with a slow-growing crop, so that the fast-growing crop is harvested before the slow-growing crop starts to mature.