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Concept
Triple DES
Summary
In cryptography, Triple DES (3DES or TDES), officially the Triple Data Encryption Algorithm (TDEA or Triple DEA), is a symmetric-key block cipher, which applies the DES cipher algorithm three times to each data block. The Data Encryption Standard's (DES) 56-bit key is no longer considered adequate in the face of modern cryptanalytic techniques and supercomputing power. A CVE released in 2016, CVE-2016-2183 disclosed a major security vulnerability in DES and 3DES encryption algorithms. This CVE, combined with the inadequate key size of DES and 3DES, led to NIST deprecating DES and 3DES for new applications in 2017, and for all applications by the end of 2023. It has been replaced with the more secure, more robust AES.
While the government and industry standards abbreviate the algorithm's name as TDES (Triple DES) and TDEA (Triple Data Encryption Algorithm), RFC 1851 referred to it as 3DES from the time it first promulgated the idea, and this namesake has since come into wide use by most vendors, users, and cryptographers.
In 1978, a triple encryption method using DES with two 56-bit keys was proposed by Walter Tuchman; in 1981 Merkle and Hellman proposed a more secure triple key version of 3DES with 112 bits of security.
The Triple Data Encryption Algorithm is variously defined in several standards documents:
RFC 1851, The ESP Triple DES Transform (approved in 1995)
ANSI ANS X9.52-1998 Triple Data Encryption Algorithm Modes of Operation (approved in 1998, withdrawn in 2008)
FIPS PUB 46-3 Data Encryption Standard (DES) (approved in 1999, withdrawn in 2005)
NIST Special Publication 800-67 Revision 2 Recommendation for the Triple Data Encryption Algorithm (TDEA) Block Cipher (approved in 2017)
ISO/IEC 18033-3:2010: Part 3: Block ciphers (approved in 2005)
The original DES cipher's key size of 56 bits was generally sufficient when that algorithm was designed, but the availability of increasing computational power made brute-force attacks feasible.
Official source
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